to the sound of

φωνή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Hom.+).

① an auditory effect, sound, tone, noise the source of which is added in the gen.: of musical instruments (Pla., Rep. 3, 397a ὀργάνων; Eur., Tro. 127 συρίγγων; Plut., Mor. 713c ψαλτηρίου καὶ αὐλοῦ; Aristoxenus, Fgm. 6; Paus. Attic. α, 169; Ex 19:16, Is 18:3 and PsSol 8:1 σάλπιγγος; cp. ParJer 3:2; Is 24:8 κιθάρας; Aristobul. in Eus., PE 8, 10, 13=p. 144, 94f Holladay) σάλπιγγος Mt 24:31 v.l.; D 16:6. φωναὶ τῆς σάλπιγγος blasts of the trumpet Rv 8:13b; or of those who play them κιθαρῳδῶν 14:2d; 18:22a; cp. 10:7. Of the noise made by a millstone 18:22b. Of a shout produced by a crowd of people φωνὴ ὄχλου πολλοῦ 19:1, 6a (cp. Da 10:6 Theod.; also λαοῦ πολλοῦ PsSol 8:2). Of the sound caused by spoken words (Da 10:9; Just., D. 131, 2 μηδὲ μέχρι φωνῆς) ἡ φωνὴ τοῦ ἀσπασμοῦ σου Lk 1:44. φωνὴ ῥημάτων sound of words Hb 12:19. Cp. 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:4). ἔσομαι φωνή I will be just a meaningless sound (in contrast to Ignatius functioning as a λόγος θεοῦ [=meaningful expression of God] if his adherents abstain from pleas in his behalf) IRo 2:1 (s. ἠχώ). Abs. of the sound made by a wail of sorrow (cp. TestJob 40:9; TestIss 1:4) Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15). μεγάλη φωνὴ ἐγένετο ἐν τ. οὐρανῷ GPt 9:35.—Of musical instruments it is said that they φωνὴν διδόναι produce sound (in ref. to mere sonant capability in contrast to distinguishable notes) 1 Cor 14:7f.—In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm? In Ex 19:16 φωναὶ κ. ἀστραπαί are surely thunder and lightning. But in Ex 9:23, 28; 1 Km 12:18 the mng. of φωναί remains unclear. Cp. also Esth 1:1d φωναί, βρονταί).—Freq. in imagery: of wind sound J 3:8; cp. Ac 2:6. Of thunderclap (1 Km 7:10; GrBar 6:13) Rv 6:1; 14:2c; 19:6c. Of roar of water (Ezk 1:24b) 1:15b; 14:2b; 19:6b. Of whirring of wings (Ezk 1:24a) 9:9a. Of the clatter of chariots 9:9 b (cp. Ezk 3:13; 26:10).

② the faculty of utterance, voice (Tat. 15:3 προύχει τῶν θηρίων ὁ ἄνθρωπος κατὰ τὴν ἔναρθον φωνήν=humankind excels beasts in articulate utterance)

ⓐ gener. of sonant aspect: any form of speech or other utterance w. the voice can take place μετὰ φωνῆς μεγάλης Lk 17:15; ἐν φωνῇ μεγάλῃ Rv 5:2; 14:7, 9; mostly φωνῇ μεγάλῃ (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 20f [Stone p. 12]; ParJer 2:2; Achilles Tat. 8, 1, 1; SibOr 3, 669; 5, 63) Mt 27:46, 50; Mk 1:26; 5:7; 15:34; Lk 1:42 v.l. (s. κραυγή 1b); 4:33; 8:28; 19:37; J 11:43; Ac 7:57, 60; 8:7; Rv 6:10; 7:2, 10 al.; IPhld 7:1a. μεγάλῃ τῇ φωνῃ (Diod S 1, 70, 5; 8, 23, 3; Lucian, Hist. Conscr. 1, Tim. 9; ParJer 9:8; Jos., Bell. 6, 188) Ac 14:10 v.l. 26:24; ἐν ἰσχυρᾷ φωνῇ Rv 18:2. ἐν φωνῇ μιᾷ IEph 4:2; μιᾷ φ. (Pla., Laws 1, 634e; Diod S 11, 9, 3; 11, 26, 6; 19, 81, 2; Ael. Aristid. 24, 4 K.=44 p. 825 D.; Lucian, Nigr. 14) ApcPt 5:19.—αἴρειν φωνήν (αἴρω 1b) Lk 17:13; πρός τινα Ac 4:24. ἐπαίρειν φωνήν (ParJer 9:14; s. ἐπαίρω 1) Lk 11:27; Ac 2:14; 14:11; 22:22; AcPl Ha 6, 33. ἀκούειν τῆς φωνῆς τινος hear someone speaking or calling (TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [Stone p. 62]; TestJob 42:3; TestJos 9:4; ParJer 3:10) J 5:25, 28; 10:3; Hb 3:7, 15; 4:7 (the last three Ps 94:7); w. a neg. and acc. (φωνήν) Mt 12:19 (cp. Is 42:2); J 5:37. The same expr.=listen to someone’s speech or call, follow someone (Gen 3:17) 10:16, 27; 18:37; Rv 3:20; B 8:7; cp. 9:2 (s. Ex 15:26).—(ἡ) φωνὴ (τοῦ) νυμφίου (cp. Jer 25:10) J 3:29 (cp. Arrian, Cyneg. 17, 1 the dogs χαίρουσιν τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ δεσπότου γνωρίζουσαι); Rv 18:23.

ⓑ voice as it varies from individual to individual or fr. one mood to another (X., An. 2, 6, 9; Gen 27:22; Tat. 5:2) ἐπιγνοῦσα τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ Πέτρου Ac 12:14. Cp. J 10:4f (s. Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 320, horses). ἤθελον ἀλλάξαι τὴν φωνήν μου Gal 4:20 (ἀλλάσσω 1; φωνή=tone: Diod. S 8, 5, 4 πᾶσαν φωνήν=every variation in tone; Artem. 4, 56 p. 235, 15).

ⓒ that which the voice gives expression to: call, cry, outcry, loud or solemn declaration (Sb 7251, 21 [III/IV A.D.]=order, command) ὁ Ἰησοῦς ἀφεὶς φωνὴν μεγάλην Mk 15:37. φωνὴ ἐγένετο μία a single outcry arose Ac 19:34 (cp. Jos., Vi. 133). Cp. 22:14; 24:21. Pl. (Ael. Aristid. 52, 3 K.=28 p. 551 D.: ἦσαν φωναί; Jos., Vi. 231, Ant. 15, 52) φωναὶ μεγάλαι loud cries Lk 23:23a; cp. 23b. ἐλάλησαν αἱ βρονταὶ τὰς ἑαυτῶν φωνάς the thunders sounded forth their crashing peals Rv 10:3b. θεοῦ φωνὴ (D φωναί) καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου (this is) the utterance of a god and not of a mere mortal Ac 12:22 (Just., D. 119, 6 τῇ φωνῇ τοῦ θεοῦ; cp. 21, 1 αἱ φωναὶ αὐτοῦ; Plut., Mor. 567f: a divine φωνή sounds forth fr. a φῶς μέγα that appears suddenly; Ael. Aristid. 45 p. 11 D.: Πυθίας φωνή; Epict. 3, 23, 20 ἰδοὺ φωναὶ φιλοσόφου; 3, 22, 50; Biogr. p. 454 people received sayings of Hippocr. ὡς θεοῦ φωνὰς κ. οὐκ ἀνθρωπίνου προελθούσας ἐκ στόματος). φωνὴ ἐνεχθεῖσα αὐτῷ a declaration (was) borne to him 2 Pt 1:17; cp. vs. 18. Also of sayings in scripture αἱ φωναὶ τῶν προφητῶν Ac 13:27 (Ath. 9, 1; cp. Diod S 19, 1, 4 ἡ Σόλωνος φωνή; 20, 30, 2 τῆς τοῦ μάντεως [=τοῦ δαιμονίου] φωνῆς; Diog. L. 8, 14 sayings of Pythagoras). Of apostolic tradition τὰ παρὰ ζώσης φωνῆς καὶ μενούσης Papias (2:4) (s. ζάω, end; on Papias’ ‘living voice’ s. ABaum, NTS 44, ’98, 144–51).

ⓓ In accordance w. OT and Jewish usage gener. (s. Bousset, Rel.³ 315. The Socratic δαιμόνιον [=ὁ θεός Ep. 1, 7] is called ἡ φωνή: Socrat., Ep. 1, 9 [p. 222, 34 Malherbe] τὸ δαιμόνιόν μοι, ἡ φωνή, γέγονεν, cp. Pla., Apol. 31d) ‘the voice’ oft. speaks, though the (heavenly) speaker neither appears nor is mentioned (cp. PGM 3, 119 ἐξορκίζω σε κατὰ τῆς ἑβραικῆς φωνῆς.—In most cases the divine voice is differentiated fr. the divinity: Theopompus [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 69 Jac. [in Diog. L. 1, 115] when Epimenides wishes to build τὸ τῶν Νυμφῶν ἱερόν: ῥαγῆναι φωνὴν ἐξ οὐρανοῦ ‘Ἐπιμενίδη, μὴ Νυμφῶν, ἀλλὰ Διός’=[when E. was building] a shrine for the Nymphs: a voice cried out from heaven, “Epimenides! Not for the Nymphs, but for Zeus!”; Plut., Mor. 355e; 775b; Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 28, 2 Lycurgus receives the laws ὑπὸ τῆς θεοῦ φωνῆς in Delphi; Artapanus; 726 Fgm. 3, 21 Jac. [in Eus., PE 9, 27, 21]; Jos., Ant. 1, 185 φ. θεία παρῆν; 3, 90 φ. ὑψόθεν; cp. 2, 267) ἰδοὺ φωνὴ ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν λέγουσα (on the voice fr. heaven s. the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 2a; also JKosnetter, D. Taufe Jesu ’36, esp. 140–90, and FDölger, Ac V/3, ’36, 218–23) Mt 3:17; cp. 17:5. ἦλθεν φ. (ἐκ) Mk 9:7 v.l.; J 12:28; 30 v.l. (TestAbr A 10 p. 88, 15 [Stone p. 24] al.; cp. Ps. Callisth, 1, 45, 2f ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀδύτου the divine saying follows in direct discourse). ἐξῆλθεν φ. Rv 16:17 (ἐκ); 19:5 (ἀπό τοῦ θρόνου). γίνεται (ἐγένετο) φ. (ἐκ: Plut., Agis et Cleom. 807 [28, 3]: φωνὴν ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ γενέσθαι φράζουσαν; Ael. Aristid. 40, 22 K.=5 p. 62 D.: φωνῆς θείας γενομένης … ἐκ τοῦ μητρῴου [=temple of the Mother of the Gods]) Mk 1:11; 9:7; Lk 3:22; 9:35f; J 12:30 (v.l. ἦλθεν; s. above); Ac 10:13, 15 (both πρὸς αὐτόν); MPol 9:1a; GEb 18, 37 (verb of origin understood), cp. ibid. ln. 38; ἐγένετο φ. κυρίου Ac 7:31 (cp. Jos., Vi. 259 ἐγένοντο φωναί). ἀπεκρίθη φ. ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ 11:9; ἦχος φωνῆς μοι ἀπεκρίθη Hv 4, 1, 4. ἀκούειν φωνήν hear a voice (also w. such additions as λέγουσαν, ἐκ w. gen. of place, μεγάλην, gen. of the speaker) Ac 9:4; 22:9; 26:14; Rv 6:6f; 9:13; 10:4, 8; 12:10; 14:2; 18:4; MPol 9:1b; EpilMosq 4; φωνῆς w. the same mng. (w. corresp. additions) Ac 9:7; 11:7; 22:7 (MMeyer, The Light and Voice on the Damascus Road: Forum 2, ’86, 27–35 [Nag Hammadi pp. 30–32]); Rv 11:12; 14:13; 16:1; 21:3; GPt 10:41. Paul speaks διὰ φωνῆς πνεύματος ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 5.

ⓔ special cases: ἐπέστρεψα βλέπειν τὴν φωνὴν ἥτις ἐλάλει μετʼ ἐμοῦ I turned around to see (to whom) the voice that was speaking to me (belonged) Rv 1, 12 (cp. X., Hell. 5, 1, 22 σκεψόμενοι τίς ἡ κραυγή; Aesop 248b H.=141 P.=146 H-H. ἐπεστράφη πρὸς τὴν φ.). φ. βοῶντος ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ (it is) the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Is 40:3; cp. En 9:2; Jos., Bell. 6, 301) Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4. Referring to Is 40:3, John the Baptist applies its words to himself J 1:23 the voice of one calling out in the wilderness (Ael. Aristid. 49, 5 K.=25 p. 489 D.: φ. λέγοντός του ‘τεθεράπευσαι’; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 1 p. 364a φωνὴ βοῶντός του).—B 9:3.

③ a verbal code shared by a community to express ideas and feelings, language (Aeschyl., Hdt. et al.; Cebes 33, 6; Aelian, VH 12, 48; Herodian 5, 3, 4; Diog. L. 8, 3; SEG VIII, 548, 17 [I B.C.]; PLond I, 77, 13 p. 232 [Christ. VIII A.D.]; PGM 12, 188 πᾶσα γλῶσσα κ. πᾶσα φωνή; Gen 11:1; Dt 28:49; 2 Macc 7:8, 21, 27; 4 Macc 12:7; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; 50; 73 al.; Just., A I, 31, 1; Tat. 37, 1; Mel., P. 29, 199) 1 Cor 14:10f; 2 Pt 2:16 (an animal w. ἀνθρώπου φ. as Appian, Bell. Civ. 4:4 §14 βοῦς φωνὴν ἀφῆκεν ἀνθρώπου; schol. on Appolon. Rhod. 2, 1146 ὁ κριὸς ἀνθρωπίνῃ χρησάμενος φωνῇ; sim. TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 19 [Stone p. 6]; sim. TestAbr B 3 p. 107, 10 [St. p. 62] a tree; ParJer 7:2 an eagle; Philo, Op. M. 156); Dg 5:1. ὁ λέων εἶπεν μιᾷ φωνῇ AcPlHa 5, 4 (on the probability that μια was misread for θεια s. the editor’s note, p. 41, 4).—B. 1248; 1260. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

φων-ή, ἡ,

A sound, tone, prop., the sound of the voice, whether of men or animals with lungs and throat (

ἡ φωνὴ ψόφος τίς ἐστιν ἐμψύχου Arist.de An. 420b5

, cf. 29, HA 535a27, PA 664b1); opp. φθόγγος (v.

φθόγγος 11

):

I mostly of human beings, speech, voice, utterance,

φ. ἄρρηκτος Il.2.490

;

ἀτειρέα φ. 17.555

; φ. δέ οἱ αἰθέρ' ἵκανεν, of Ajax' battle-cry, 15.686; of the battle- cry of an army,

Τρώων καὶ Ἀχαιῶν.. φ. δεινὸν ἀϋσάντων 14.400

: pl., of the cries of market-people, X.Cyr.1.2.3;

ὁ τόνος τῆς φ. Id.Cyn.6.20

, D.18.280, Aeschin.3.209; ὀξεῖα, βαρυτέρα, λεία, τραχεῖα φ., Pl.Ti. 67b;

φ. μαλακή Ar.Nu. 979

(anap.); μιαρά, ἀναιδής, Id.Eq. 218, 638: with Verbs,

φωνὴν ῥῆξαι Hdt.1.85

, Ar.Nu. 357 (anap.);

φ. ἱέναι Hdt.2.2

, 4.23, Pl.Phdr. 259d, etc.;

φ. ἥσει E.HF 1295

;

προΐεσθαι Aeschin.2.23

;

ἀρθροῦν X.Mem.1.4.12

;

διαρθρώσασθαι Pl.Prt. 322a

;

ἐντείνασθαι Aeschin.2.157

;

φ. ἐπαρεῖ D.19.336

;

φωνῇ

with his voice, aloud,

Il.3.161

, Pi.P.9.29;

εἶπε τῇ φωνῇ τὰ ἀπόρρητα Lys.6.51

;

διὰ ζώσης φωνῆς Anon.Geog.Epit.1p.488M.

; μιᾷ φ. with one voice, Luc. Nigr.14; ἀπὸ φωνῆς, c. gen., dictated by.., Choerob.in Thd.1.103 tit., Marin. in Euc.Dat.p.234 M., Olymp. in Grg.p.1 N., Pall. in Hp.2.1 D.: pl., αἱ φ. the notes of the voice, Pl.Grg. 474e;

σχήμασι καὶ φωναῖς Arist. Rh. 1306a32

: prov., φωνῇ ὁρᾶν, of a blind man, S.OC 138 (anap.); πᾶσαν, τὸ λεγόμενον, φ. ἱέντα, i.e. using every effort, Pl.Lg. 890d, cf. Euthd. 293a;

πάσας ἀφιέναι φωνάς Id.R. 475a

, D.18.195;

φωνὰς ἀπρεπεῖς προΐεντο PTeb.802.15

(ii B. C.).

2 the cry of animals, as of swine, dogs, oxen, Od.10.239, 12.86, 396; of asses, Hdt.4.129; of the nightingale, song, Od.19.521;

ἄνθρωπος πολλὰς φωνὰς ἀφίησι, τὰ δὲ ἄλλα μίαν Arist.Pr. 895a4

.

3 any articulate sound, opp. inarticulate noise ([etym.] ψόφος)

, φ. κωκυμάτων S.Ant. 1206

;

ὥσπερ φωνῆς οὔσης κατὰ τὸν ἀέρα πολλάκις καὶ λόγου ἐν τῇ φωνῇ Plot.6.4.12

:

στοιχεῖόν ἐστι φ. ἀδιαίρετος Arist.Po. 1456b22

; also esp. of vowelsound, opp. to that of consonants, Pl.Tht. 203b, Arist.HA 535a32; in literary criticism, of sound, opp. meaning, Phld.Po.5.20 (pl.), 21.

4 of sounds made by inanimate objects, mostly Poet.,

κερκίδος φ. S.Fr. 595

;

συρίγγων E.Tr. 127

(lyr.);

αὐλῶν Mnesim.4.56

(anap.); rare in early Prose,

ὀργάνων φωναί Pl.R. 397a

; freq. in LXX,

ἡ φ. τῆς σάλπιγγος LXX Ex.20.18

; φ. βροντῆς ib. Ps.103(104).7;

ἡ φ. αὐτοῦ ὡς φ. ὑδάτων πολλῶν Apoc.1.15

.

5 generally, sound, defined as ἀὴρ πεπληγμένος, πληγὴ ἀέρος, Zeno Stoic.1.21, Chrysipp.ib.2.43.

II faculty of speech, discourse,

εἰ φωνὴν λάβοι S.El. 548

;

παρέσχε φωνὴν τοῖς ἀφωνήτοις τινά Id.OC 1283

.

2 language, hdt.4.114, 117;

φ. ἀνθρωπηΐη Id.2.55

;

ἀγνῶτα φ. βάρβαρον A.Ag. 1051

;

φωνὴν ἥσομεν Παρνησίδα Id.Ch. 563

, cf. E.Or. 1397 (lyr.), Th.6.5, 7.57, X.Cyn.2.3, Pl.Ap. 17d, etc.;

τῶν βαρβάρων πρὶν μαθεῖν τὴν φ. Id.Tht. 163b

;

κατὰ τὴν Ἀττικὴν τὴν παλαιὰν φ. Id.Cra. 398d

, cf. 409e.

III phrase, saying,

τὴν Σιμωνίδου φ. Id.Prt. 341b

;

ἡ τοῦ Σωκράτους φ. Plu.2.106b

, cf. 330f, etc.; of formulae,

στοιχειώματα καὶ φ. Epicur.Ep.1p.4U.

, cf. Sent.Vat.41 (= Metrod. Fr.59);

αἱ σκεπτικαὶ φ. S.E.P.1.14

, cf. Jul.Or.5.162b, etc.

IV report, rumour, LXXGe.45.16.

b message, Sammelb.7252.21 (iii/iv A. D.).

V loud talk, bragging, Epicur.Sent.Vat. 45.

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `sound, sharp sound, cry of an animal' etc. (Il.), also κλαγγόν `id.' (Babr.),

Other forms: Dat. also κλαγγ-ί (Ibyc. 56; s. below)

Derivatives: κλαγγηδόν `with crying' (Β 463; Haas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 133), κλαγγώδης `full of sound, shrill' (Hp., Gal.). Besides κλάζω, also with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, ἐκ-, aor. κλάγξαι `sound, resound, cry' (Il.), also κλαγεῖν (B. 16, 127, h. Hom. 19, 14, E. u. a.), fut. κλάγξω (A.), perf. κεκλήγοντες (Aeolising) and κεκληγώς, - ῶτες (Hom.; Schwyzer 540 n. 4, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 430f.), κέκλᾱγα (Alcm. 7), κέκλαγγα (Ar., X.), perfect future κεκλάγξομαι (Ar.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Isolated presents: κλαγγαίνω (A. Eu. 131), - άνω (S.), - έω (Theoc. Ep. 6, 5), - άζω (Poll., Porph.). - To κλαγεῖν: κλαγερός `crying' (AP). As yot-present κλάζω may come from *κλάγγ-ι̯ω from a root noun κλάγγ-, which is seen in κλαγγ-ί (or innovation?); but it could also be a primary nasal present, with - ζω from the sound-verbs ( ὀλολύζω, οἰμώζω a. o.; cf. Schwyzer 716). The non-present forms κλάγξαι, κλάγξω, κέκλαγγα are anyhow innovations. In function κλαγγ-ή is a verbal noun (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 11f.). In κλαγεῖν and κέκληγα original primary nasalless forms may have been preserved, but analogical innovation with loss of the nsal is not impossible (Leumann Celtica 3, 248). - A direct comparison (except for - ζω) is Lat. clangō `cry' (almost only present), with which OIc. hlakka `cry' (with assimilation nk \> kk) may agree. The words belong to a widespread group of soundword (but καλεῖν and κέλαδος do not belong here; cf. the material in Bq, Pok. 599f., W.-Hofmann s. clangō. Note that an IE * klag- is impossible (* klh₂g- wouldhave given in Greek *κλᾱγ-; a form * klh₂eng- gives *καλαγγ-). Schwyzer 692 assumes expressive nasalization, but this does not help as *κλαγ- cannot be generated. Cf. Fur. 274. Is the basic form Pre-Greek?

See also: - S. auch κλώζω.

Page in Frisk: 1,863-864

σάλπιγξ, ιγγος, ἡ (s. two next entries; Hom.+; Kaibel 1049, 7; New Docs 4, p. 19, ln. 5 at a gladiatorial contest; PHerm 121, 10; LXX; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 7 [Stone p. 30, 7]; ParJer 3:2; ApcSed; ApcEsdr 4:36 p. 29, 13 Tdf.; ApcMos; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 89 (military use), Ant. 3, 291, 7, 359; Tat. 1, 2; loanw. in rabb.)

① a wind instrument used esp. for communication, trumpet (Artem. 1, 56, p. 52, 15ff: the ἱερὰ ς. is straight, the military trumpet spiral) 1 Cor 14:8; Hb 12:19 (cp. Ex 19:16); Rv 1:10; 4:1; 8:2, 6, 13; 9:14; D 16:6; EpilMosq 4. μετὰ σάλπιγγος φωνῆς μεγάλης with a trumpet giving forth a blast Mt 24:31 v.l. (s. φωνή 1). ἤχησεν ς. κύριου the Lord’s trumpet sounded GJs 8:3 (cp. PsSol 8:1 φωνὴν σάλπιγγος ἠχούσης).

② the sound made or signal given by a trumpet, trumpet-call, trumpet-sound (Aristoph., Ach. 1001; X., R. Equ. 9, 11, Hipp. 3, 12; Aristot., Rhet. 3, 6; Polyb. 4, 13, 1; Ael. Aristid. 34, 22 K.=50 p. 554 D.: τῇ πρώτῃ ς.; s. Pollux 4, 88f on its loud sound; could be heard at a distance of 60 stadia Diod S 17, 106, 7) μετὰ σάλπιγγος μεγάλης with a loud trumpet-call Mt 24:31. ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the sound of the last trumpet 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν σάλπιγγι θεοῦ (καταβήσεται ἀπʼ οὐρανοῦ) at the call of the trumpet blown by God’s command 1 Th 4:16.—PKrentz, The Salpinx in Gk. Warfare, in Hoplites, The Classical Gk. Battle Experience, ed. VHanson ’91; JHale/MTunnell, ClBull 72, ’96, 118–24. For add. lit. s. ISBE III 449; TRE XXIII 455 (Israel’s musical instruments).—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

[σαν ] (Greek name prob. [full] σάν (v.

A

Σ ς B. 2

), eighteenth letter in the Etruscan abecedaria (IG14.2420) and probably in the oldest Gr. alphabets, occupying the same serial position as the Hebrew Tsade (<*>, Phoenician <*> <*> Syria 6.103), with which it may be identified. In many of the oldest Gr. alphabets it represents the sound s, for which <*> and <*> (twenty-first letter in the Etruscan abecedaria) is an alternative representation preferred in other Gr. alphabets. It is uncertain whether the letter <*> (name and serial position unknown), which represents the sound σς in Schwyzer 707 (Ephesus, vi B.C.), 701A17 (Erythrae, v B.C.), SIG4.6 (Cyzicus, vi B.C.), 45.2, al. (Halic., v B.C. ) and the third sound (σς ?) in the name of Mesambria in BMus.Cat.Coins Thrace p.132, is to be identified with [full] Μ.

0-0It is also uncertain whether the numerical symbol <*> (= 900), described by Gal.17(1).525, which has this form in PEleph.1 (iv B.C.), PCair.Zen.22.5 (iii B.C.), Rev.Phil.35.138 (Thessaly, iii B.C.), Milet.6.39 (ii B.C.), where it forms part of a symbol for thousands, and later the forms [full] Τ JHS26.287 (Athenian tesserae of iv B.C.), 25.342 (papyri of ii B.C.), SIG695.83 (Magn. Mae., ii B.C.), IG12(1).913 (Rhodes, i B.C.), <*> ib.22.2776.11, al. (ii A.D.), and <*> (medieval Mss., called παρακύϊσμα in Sch.D.T. p.496 H.), is to be identified with either of the foregoing. The numerical symbol, in the form <*>, follows ω in an Attic abecedarium, Bullettino dell' Inst. di corrisp. archeol. 1867.75, and that position tallies with its numerical value, since ω = 800. The extended alphabet used by Archim.Spir.11, Aequil.2.3 for a diagram ends with ω <*>.

εἰσά̱ϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

εἰσά̱ϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

εἰσάϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

εἰσάϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

εἰσά̱ϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 3rd pl (doric aeolic)

εἰσά̱ϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 1st sg (doric aeolic)

εἰσάϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 3rd pl (homeric ionic)

εἰσάϊον, εἰσαίω

catch the sound of: imperf ind act 1st sg (homeric ionic)

φθέγγομαι, Od.10.228, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

φθέγξομαι Il.21.341

: [tense] aor. ἐφθεγξάμην, [dialect] Ep. and poet.

φθεγξάμην 18.218

, Pi.O.6.14: [tense] pf. ἔφθεγμαι, [ per.] 2sg.

ἔφθεγξαι Pl.Lg. 830c

, [ per.] 3sg. [full] ἔφθεγκται (trans.) Arist.APo. 77a2, ([voice] Pass.) Id.Cael. 279a23: — utter a sound or voice, esp. speak loud and clear, freq. in Hom.,

φθεγξάμενος παρὰ νηός Il.11.603

, cf. 10.67, al., Pl. R. 336b (properly of all animals that have lungs, Arist.HA 535a30):

I of the human voice,

ἀνθρωπηΐῃ φωνῇ φ. Hdt.2.57

;

ἀπὸ γλώσσας Pi.

l.c.;

διὰ τοῦ στόματος Pl.Sph. 238b

; [

ψυχῆς] φθεγξαμένης ἀΐων Xenoph.7.5

;

φθεγξαμένου τευ ἢ αὐδήσαντος Od.9.497

; with a part. expressing the kind of cry,

φθέγξομ' ἐγὼν ἰάχουσα Il. 21.341

;

τοὶ δ' ἐφθέγγοντο καλεῦντες Od.10.229

, cf. 12.249; so

σφοδρῷ τῷ πνεύματι φ. Archyt.1

;

φ. μετὰ βοῆς Pl.Lg. 791e

, etc.;

μέγιστον ἁπάντων D.19.206

; καλὸν καὶ μέγα ib.216, cf. 337;

ἐλεύθερον καὶ μέγα Pl.Grg. 485e

; also of weak, small voice,

φθεγξάμενος ὀλίγῃ ὀπί Od.14.492

;

τυτθὸν φθεγξαμένη Il.24.170

; of the battle-cry, X.An. 1.8.18; of the recitative of the chorus, Id.Oec.8.3;

οὐκέτι πόρρω διθυράμβων φ. Pl.Phdr. 238d

; οὐδ' ἂν φθέγξασθαι δυνηθείη would not be able to utter a syllable, Isoc.15.192, cf. Pl.R. 368c; opp. silence, X.Mem.4.2.6; εἶτα σὺ φθέγγει .. ; open your mouth.. ? D.18.283; of children just born, Arist.HA 587a27:—Constr.:—c. acc. cogn., utter,

ἔπος Hdt.5.106

;

ἀγέλαστα Heraclit.92

;

ὀδυρμοὺς καὶ γόους ἀνωφελεῖς A.Pr.34

;

καίρια S.Ph. 862

(lyr.); ἀράς, λόγους, βλασφημίαν, E.Ph. 475, Med. 1307, Ion 1189;

ῥῆμα μοχθηρόν SIG1175.19

(Piraeus, Tab. Defix., iv/iii B. C.);

τἀληθῆ Pl.Phlb. 49b

;

ὑπέρογκα ματαιότητος φ. 2 Ep.Pet.2.18

: the pers. addressed added with a Prep.,

φ. εἰς ἡμᾶς E.Ph.

l.c.;

πρός τινα Pl. Ion 534d

; later τισί, Plu.Crass.27;

φ. τι περί τινος Isoc.10.13

; τὸ φθεγγόμενον, abs., that which uttered the sound, Hdt.8.65.

2 of animals, as a horse, neigh, whinny, Id.3.84,85; of an eagle, scream, X.An.6.1.23; of a raven, croak, Thphr.Sign.16; of a fawn, cry, Theoc.13.62; of birds, opp. ἄφωνοί εἰσι, Arist.HA 618a5; ἐν τῷ θέρει ᾄδει [κόττυφος], τοῦ χειμῶνος.. φ. θορυβῶδες ib. 632b17; of worms,

φ. οἷον τριγμόν Thphr. CP5.10.5

; of certain fish, Arist.Fr. 300, Opp.H.1.135.

3 of inanimate things, of a door, creak, Ar.Pl. 1099; of thunder, X.Cyr. 7.1.3; of trumpets, Id.An.4.2.7, 5.2.14; of the flute, Id.Smp.6.3, Thgn.532; of the lyre,

φόρμιγξ φ. ἱρὸν μέλος Id.761

, cf. Arist. Metaph. 1019b15; of an earthen pot, εἴτε ὑγιὲς εἴτε σαθρὸν φ. whether it rings sound or cracked, Pl.Tht. 179d; φ. παλάμῃσι to clap with the hands, Nonn.D.5.106, cf. AP9.505.17 (dub.).

II = ὀνομάζω, to name, call by name, Pl.R. 527a, Phlb. 25c, 34a; τῷ πλέγματι τούτῳ τὸ ὄνομα ἐφθεγξάμεθα λόγον gave it the name of λόγος, Id.Sph. 262d; φ. εἴδωλον ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ὡς ἓν ὄν ib. 240a; φ. γιγνόμενα speak of things as coming into existence, Id.Tht. 157b; καὶ τὸν κύλλαστιν φθέγγου use the word κ., Ar.Fr. 257; also τῇ δυνάμει ταὐτὸν φ. have the same meaning, Pl.Cra. 394c.

III c. acc. pers., sing, or celebrate one aloud, Pi.O.1.36; also, tell of, recount,

θεῶν ἔργα Xenoph.12.1

.

κατά-μύσσομαι

blow the nose: perf part mp neut nom /voc /acc pl

καταμεμυγμένᾱ, κατά-μύσσομαι

blow the nose: perf part mp fem nom /voc /acc dual

καταμεμυγμένᾱ, κατά-μύσσομαι

blow the nose: perf part mp fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

κατά-μύσσω

perf part mp neut nom /voc /acc pl

καταμεμυγμένᾱ, κατά-μύσσω

perf part mp fem nom /voc /acc dual

καταμεμυγμένᾱ, κατά-μύσσω

perf part mp fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

κατά-μύζω

make the sound: perf part mp neut nom /voc /acc pl (doric)

καταμεμυγμένᾱ, κατά-μύζω

make the sound: perf part mp fem nom /voc /acc dual (doric)

καταμεμυγμένᾱ, κατά-μύζω

make the sound: perf part mp fem nom /voc sg (doric aeolic)

μύξα

discharge from the nose: fem nom /voc pl

μύξᾱͅ, μύξα

discharge from the nose: fem dat sg (doric aeolic)

μύσσομαι

blow the nose: aor imperat mp 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor imperat mid 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor inf act

μύξαῑ, μύζω

make the sound: aor opt act 3rd sg

μύξα

discharge from the nose: fem nom /voc sg (attic epic ionic)

μυξάω

pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric)

μυξάω

pres imperat act 2nd sg (epic doric ionic aeolic)

μυξάω

imperf ind act 3rd sg (homeric ionic)

μύξα

discharge from the nose: fem dat sg (attic epic ionic)

μύσσομαι

blow the nose: aor subj mp 2nd sg

μύσσομαι

blow the nose: fut ind mp 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor subj mid 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor subj act 3rd sg

μύζω

make the sound: fut ind mid 2nd sg

μύξος

masc nom /voc /acc dual

μύξος

masc gen sg (doric aeolic)

μύσσομαι

blow the nose: aor ind mp 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

μύζω

make the sound: aor subj act 1st sg

μύζω

make the sound: fut ind act 1st sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

κτῠπ-ος, ὁ,

A crash, bang, din,

κ. θεῶν ἔριδι ξυνιόντων Il.20.66

, cf. 12.338, A.Th. 100, etc.; of thunder, S.OC 1463 (lyr.), A.Pr. 923; of the trampling of feet,

περί τε κ. ἦλθε ποδοῖιν Od.16.6

, cf. S.Ph. 202; rattling of chariots or sound of horses' feet, Il.10.535, al., S.El. 714, Ar.Eq. 552 (lyr.); of a storm, A.Ag. 1533 (lyr.); noise made by one knocking at the door, Id.Ch. 653; ὀξύχειρ κ., of the beating of breasts by mourners, ib.23;

στέρνων κ. E.Supp.87

: in pl.,

κ. χερῶν Id.Ph. 1351

(lyr.); of the sound of many voices, S.OC 1500; of gates shutting, Aen.Tact.20.4;

κτύπου ἀχὼ χάλυβος A.Pr. 133

(lyr.); rarely of musical sound,

σαλπίγγων κ. B.Fr.3.9

.—Rare in Prose, Th.7.70, Pl.Criti. 117e, X.Cyr.7.1.35, Aen.Tact.l.c.

μύω

close: aor imperat mid 2nd sg

μύω

close: aor inf act

μύσαῑ, μύω

close: aor opt act 3rd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor imperat mid 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor inf act

μύσαῑ, μύζω

make the sound: aor opt act 3rd sg

μύσις

closing: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)

μύσεϊ, μύσις

closing: fem dat sg (epic)

μύσις

closing: fem dat sg (attic ionic)

μύσος

uncleanness: neut nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)

μύσεϊ, μύσος

uncleanness: neut dat sg (epic ionic)

μύσος

uncleanness: neut dat sg

μύω

close: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

μύω

close: fut ind mid 2nd sg

μύω

close: fut ind act 3rd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor subj act 3rd sg (epic)

μύζω

make the sound: fut ind mid 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: fut ind act 3rd sg

μύσις

closing: fem nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)

μύσος

uncleanness: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)

μύσος

uncleanness: neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)

μύσηι, μύσις

closing: fem dat sg (epic)

μύω

close: aor subj mid 2nd sg

μύω

close: aor subj act 3rd sg

μύω

close: fut ind mid 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor subj mid 2nd sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor subj act 3rd sg

μύζω

make the sound: fut ind mid 2nd sg

μύω

close: aor subj act 1st sg

μύω

close: fut ind act 1st sg

μύω

close: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

μύζω

make the sound: aor subj act 1st sg

μύζω

make the sound: fut ind act 1st sg

μύζω

make the sound: aor ind mid 2nd sg (homeric ionic)

μυσόω

pollute: pres imperat act 2nd sg (doric aeolic)

συριγματώδης

like the sound of a pipe: neut nom /voc /acc pl (attic epic doric)

συριγματώδης

like the sound of a pipe: masc /fem /neut nom /voc /acc dual (doric aeolic)

συριγματώδης

like the sound of a pipe: masc /fem acc sg (attic epic doric)

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `cropping of the hair, the beard, wool', also of trees and grass; `lock of hair, of wool, fur'; `cut-off end, slips of wood' (IA.).

Derivatives: 1. κουρεύς m. `shaver, barber' (Att.); name of a bird (H.; after the sound), with κουρεῖον ` barber-shop' (Att.), with κουρεακός ` talkative' (Plb.; on the formation Schwyzer 497); also κουρευτής `id.' (Gloss.), f. κουρεύτρια (Plu.), κουρευτικός `used for shaving' (sch., Olymp.); cf. κουρεύομαι below; on κουρεύς etc. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 46. - 2. κούρειον (- εον) n. ` sacrifice of hair etc. on the Apaturia (S., Is., inscr.) with Κούρειος surn. of Apollon (Teos), κουρεῶτις, - ιδος ( ἡμέρα, ἑορτή) f. `the third day of the Apaturia, on which the hair of the young boys and girles was offered' (Pl., inscr.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 137 a. 493), Κουρεών (-ηϊών) - ῶνος m. monthname in Magnesia on the Maeander (inscr.; s. Nachmanson Magn. 23 n. 1, 50). Here also with bleached 2. member αἱμα-κουρίαι pl. ` bloodoffer' (Pi.). - 3. κούριμος `belonging to the cropping, shaved' (trag., Plu.), also κουρεύσιμος (sch.) as if from *κούρευσις ( κουρεύομαι); Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 79f. - 4. κουρικός ` used for the cropping' (pap.). - 5. κουρίς, - ίδος f. `id.' ( μάχαιρα; Cratin.), ` polisher-girl' (com., Plb.). - 6. κουρίας m. ` who has his hair shaved' (Luc., D. L.). - 7. κουράς ἡ ἐν τοῖς ὀροφώμασι γραφή, ὀροφικὸς πίναξ H.; also ἐγκουράς (A. Fr. 142, H.). - 8. κουρῖτις f. plant-name, ` περιστερεὼν ὕπτιος, Verbena officinalis' (Ps.-Dsc., Ps.-Apul.; motive unknown, cf. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 73). - Denomin. verbs: 1. κουριάω `need cropping, have long hair' (Pherecr., Plu., Luc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω, Schwyzer 732); 2. κουρίζω, - ίξαι `shave, cut' (Thphr., H.); 3. κουρεύομαι `adopt the tonsura, have short hair' (Just., Sch.). - On κοῦρος a. κουρίξ s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [945] * kers- ` shave'

Etymology: As primary verbal noun κουρά stands for *κορσά (on he phonetics Schwyzer 285f., Lejeune Traité de phon. 108 n. 3, 119 n. 2); the verb is seen in Hitt. karš-mi ` cut off' (IE rather *kérs-mi than *kórs-mi); with t-enlargement Toch. A kärṣt-, B kärst- `cut off, destroy'. Traces of the same verb (with diff. sound-development) show Gr. ἀ-κερσε-κόμης, Κόρσης nickname of a smooth-shaved man (Chrysipp.), κορσός κορμός H., κορσοῦν κείρειν H. with κορσᾶς m. (pap.), κορσω-τήρ (Call., Poll.) `barber', - τεύς `id.' (Ath. 12, 520e), - τήριον `barber-shop' (ibd.); further κόρση, s. v. - Pok. 945). Further s. κείρω.

Page in Frisk: 1,935

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: alexandrian name of the fish κορακῖνος, `Sciaena nigra, brown meagre' (Ath. 7, 309 a).

Derivatives: πλατάκιον n. `id.' (pap. II--III^p).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: After Ath. " ἀπὸ τοῦ περιέχοντος", d.h. after the exceeding greatness, so from πλατύς, what may be possible (s. bel). Not with Strömberg Fischnamen 75 because of the sound it makes to πλαταγέω `clap', as this does not fit with the cracking sound of the κορακῖνος (on this Strömberg 70 f.). -- Besides πλατίστακος (- κός) m., after Dorio ap. Ath. 3, 118c the greatest kind of the fish called μύλλος; after Parmeno ibd. 7, 308 f. however synonymous with σαπερδης and with κορακῖνος; metaph. = τὸ γυναικεῖον αἰδοῖον (H., Phot.). -- Seemingly from *πλάτιστος popularly enlarged (cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 31 f. with unconvincing analysis); not really convincing. -- The word will be Pre-Greek (- ακ- is the most frequent Pre-Greek suffix).

Page in Frisk: 2,553